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PHYS-BS - Physics (BS)

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PhysicsUndergraduate MatriculatedBS - Bachelor of Science

Program Overview

The undergraduate program in Physics aims to provide students with a strong foundation in classical and modern physics. The program develops quantitative problem-solving skills and the ability to conceive experiments and analyze and interpret data. These abilities are acquired through both coursework and opportunities to conduct independent research. The program prepares students for careers in fields that benefit from quantitative and analytical thinking, including physics, engineering, teaching, medicine, law, science writing, and science policy in government or the private sector. Sometimes, the path to this career will be through an advanced degree in physics or a professional program.

Physics is concerned with a rigorous, mathematical understanding of the fundamental laws that govern our universe and everything in it. The Physics major provides students with a foundational knowledge of the pillars of modern physics: mechanics, electromagnetic theory, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics. The major is designed around a range of pathways that allow students the flexibility to explore a particular interest in more depth, including but not limited to astrophysics, biophysics, computational and mathematical physics, education, geophysics, and quantum information science.

Physics majors have pursued careers in basic or applied research, teaching, and policy, as well as in many parts of the private sector as engineers, consultants, and founders of startups. Others have combined the Physics major with a minor or major in the humanities and pursued careers in the arts.

Physics majors often pursue advanced degrees, including coterminal master’s degrees in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Applied & Engineering Physics, Statistics and other fields, and PhD programs in physics or other fields.

Minimum Units in the Program

75

Minimum University Units

180
Completion requirement

Each Physics major takes a set of required courses common to all pathways (Core Program Requirements and WIM), and an additional six courses in one of eight defined pathways or, in rare cases, an individually designed pathway (Depth in Discipline). The eight defined pathways are: Astrophysics, Biophysics, Computational Physics & Data Science, Geophysics, Mathematical Physics, Physics Education, Quantum Science & Information, or the Core pathway, which is the recommended starting point for students considering applying to PhD programs in Physics. The Writing in the Major requirement is satisfied by PHYSICS 191 (Scientific Communication in Physics).

See these sample plans for starting the Physics and Engineering Physics majors for students enrolling in autumn 2022 or later; each plan assumes a different starting point in math and/or physics. Course plans for pursuing different Physics pathways are provided below the sample plans for the start of the major spreadsheet.

Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226171
    OR
    2208011
  • 1226191
  • 1226431
  • 2114251
  • 1226511
  • 2272491
    OR
    2016041
  • 1226461
  • 2272501
    OR
    2011271

Note that some students may be able to place out of Physics 41 and/or 43 based on advice from the Physics Placement Diagnostic, as described under the “Additional Program Policies”.

Although not generally recommended, students with sufficient lab preparation who do not take all three required introductory lab courses may substitute an extra advanced lab course (PHYSICS 100, 104, 106, or 108) for all three required introductory labs. In this case, taking any of the introductory labs does not reduce the extra advanced lab requirement. Generally, only an extra advanced lab, not any other courses, may substitute for the intro labs. A student must apply using the usual course substitution form to make this substitution.

Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Fulfill ANY of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1172571
  • 1172591
  • 1172611
OR
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1172581
  • 1172601
  • 1172621

Before taking Math 51 or Math 61CM, students will need to complete Math 19, 20, and 21 or AP Calculus BC (score of 5). This may require up to 10 units of coursework in addition to the Physics BS requirement.

AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 2089871
  • 2101931
  • 1173931
  • 2196241
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226791
  • 1226821
  • 1226941
Completion requirement
Students must select one of the pathways defined below and complete six courses for the selected pathway.

A course taken to satisfy a Core Program Requirement (above) cannot also count for the Pathway requirement. In general, no course can double-count for two different requirements of the Physics Major.

Any course you take to satisfy a pathway requirement must be at least three units. Pathways are not declarable in Axess; they do not appear on the transcript or the diploma. A letter grade of C- or higher is required for all courses in each pathway; therefore, any course in another department that does not offer a letter grade cannot count towards the requirement for a pathway, even if the course is listed as an option for a pathway.

Note that some courses that satisfy specific Pathway requirements may not be offered in any given year. There will always be a way to complete the Physics Major, but you may need to consider changes to the courses or Pathways you have planned to satisfy the requirements.

Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226771
  • 1226801
  • 1226831
  • 1226951
AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 1226691
  • 2227141
  • 2227071
  • 2016051
  • 2002611
  • 2204461
AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 2085281
    OR
    2254081
    OR
    2254091
  • 1038971
  • 2002601
  • Or any MATH course numbered 101 and above (not 197) of three units or more.

  • Or one Physics (PHYSICS) or Applied Physics (APPPHYS) course of 3 or more units, numbered 100 and above for Physics courses or 200 and above for Applied Physics courses (not including PHYSICS 190, 198, 199, 201, 205, 240, 241, 290, 291, 293, 294, APPPHYS 290, APPPHYS 291, APPPHYS 390, or any PHYSICS or APPPHYS course numbered 400 or higher).

The Core Pathway is the recommended starting point for students considering applying to Ph.D. programs in Physics.

Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226691
  • 1226891
  • 1226901

course and course are jointly taught to undergraduates and graduate students (PHYSICS 260 and PHYSICS 261 are for graduate students). Undergraduates must register for 160/161, not 260/261.

AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 2002611
  • 2204461
  • 2172501
    OR
    1254161
  • 2254081
    OR
    2254091
    OR
    2085281

AND
Complete at least 2 of the following Courses:
  • 2224712
  • 1226771
  • 1226801
  • 1226831
  • 1226951
  • 1227311

course does not count for this requirement.

Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226771
    OR
    1226831
  • 1226951
AND
Complete at least 3 of the following Courses:
  • 2132591
    OR
    2132592
  • 2079081
    OR
    2079082
    OR
    2079083
  • 2204251
    OR
    2204252
  • 2124481
    OR
    2124482
  • 2079241
    OR
    2079242
  • 2115241
  • 2097861
AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 2040304
  • 1226691
  • 2227141
  • 2227071
  • 2016051
  • 2002611
  • 2204461

It is recommended that Physics majors interested in pursuing a career in biophysics consider a minor in biology.

Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226771
    OR
    1226831
    OR
    1226951
  • 2002611
AND
Complete at least 3 of the following Courses:
  • 2085281
    OR
    2254081
    OR
    2254091
  • 2127631
  • 1056821
  • 1056871
  • 1057251
  • 1057301
  • 1057501
  • 2198851
  • 2136071
  • 2204461
  • 1254161
  • 1254211
    OR
    2212631
  • 2022141
    OR
    1255552
AND
Complete one Physics (PHYSICS) or Applied Physics (APPPHYS) course of 3 or more units, numbered 100 and above for Physics courses or 200 and above for Applied Physics courses (not including PHYSICS 190, 198, 199, 201, 205, 240, 241, 290, 291, 293, 294, APPPHYS 290, APPPHYS 291, APPPHYS 390, or any PHYSICS or APPPHYS course numbered 400 or higher).
Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226771
  • 1226801
    OR
    1226831
    OR
    1226951
AND
Complete at least 3 of the following Courses:
  • 2104483
  • 2104592
  • 1290984
  • 2254261
  • 2094031
  • 1291391
  • 2107961
  • 2216101
  • 1410561
  • 2260231
    OR
    2260232
  • 2015381
  • 2195001
  • 2083591
  • 2260721
AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 1226691
  • 2227141
  • 2227071
  • 2016051
  • 2002611
  • 2204461
Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226771
AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 1226691
  • 2227141
  • 2227071
  • 2016051
  • 2002611
  • 2204461
AND
Complete at least 2 of the following Courses:
  • 2085281
    OR
    2254081
    OR
    2254091
  • 1038971
  • 2002601

Or any MATH course numbered 101 and above (not 197), of 3 units or more.

AND
Complete two more elective courses. Theses can be two PHYSICS courses, two additional MATH courses, or one MATH and one PHYSICS course.

Additional MATH electives may be chosen from the Math Electives section above.

Physics Electives may be any Physics (PHYSICS) or Applied Physics (APPPHYS) course of 3 or more units, numbered 100 and above for Physics courses or 200 and above for Applied Physics courses (not including PHYSICS 190, 198, 199, 201, 205, 240, 241, 290, 291, 293, 294, APPPHYS 290, APPPHYS 291, APPPHYS 390, or any PHYSICS or APPPHYS course numbered 400 or higher).

Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226771
  • 1226801
    OR
    1226831
    OR
    1226951
AND
Complete at least 3 of the following Courses:
  • 2025561
  • 2026661
  • 2154622
    OR
    2154621
  • 2153521
  • 2188261
  • 1014961
  • 2164871
AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 1226691
  • 2227141
  • 2227071
  • 2016051
  • 2002611
  • 2204461
Fulfill ALL of the following requirements:
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 1226771
    OR
    1226801
    OR
    1226951
  • 1226831
  • 2002641
AND
Complete at least 2 of the following Courses:
  • 2124061
  • 2132551
  • 2192971
  • 1056821
  • 2136071
  • 2249301
  • 1040591
  • 1254161
  • 1254211
AND
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 1226691
  • 2227141
  • 2227071
  • 2016051
  • 2002611
  • 2204461
In rare cases, a student may propose a new pathway. The proposed courses must have a theme (rather than being a disconnected set of courses), and they should either include physics content, benefit from a physics perspective, deepen the student’s understanding of physics, or allow students to apply their physics knowledge more broadly. The proposal should be as specific as possible and include a detailed rationale for the pathway. The proposed pathway must not be largely redundant with an existing pathway or major. The proposal should address feasibility issues, such as whether the proposed courses are offered with sufficient frequency. To propose an individually designed pathway, students must email their draft proposal to choosingphysics@stanford.edu.
Completion requirement
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
  • 2229101
Completion requirement

Students must complete ONE of the following three options to fulfill the Capstone requirement for the Physics major.

Fulfill ANY of the following requirements:

The requirements for a Senior thesis are listed in the Honors section (below). However, note that to fulfill the Capstone requirement using this option, it is unnecessary to meet the other requirements for Honors (e.g., GPA requirements). Thus, a student can complete the Capstone requirement with this option even if they are not graduating with Honors.

Earn at least 3 credits from the following:
  • 1227091
OR

Students carry out a physics-related research project, which can be pursued at Stanford or another institution during the summer quarter or the academic year. During their junior or senior year, the student submits a proposal describing the topic of their Capstone paper based on their research project and identifying their research advisor. The Director of Undergraduate Studies must approve the proposal. After this approval, the student writes a Capstone paper. This paper can be written for either course (WIM) or course. If the student chooses to write the paper in Physics 191, it will be written for one of the assignments in the style of a journal article (e.g., Physics Review Letters). If the student chooses instead to write the paper in Physics 192, then the student enrolls in that course with the official research advisor as the instructor.   If the project is carried out with an advisor at another institution, the student must identify an official advisor who is a faculty member in the Physics Department at Stanford to write their Capstone paper. If the project is carried out with a faculty member at Stanford who is not in the Physics department, then that advisor can serve as the instructor for Physics 192.

Complete ANY of the following Courses:
  • 2229101
  • 2244061

For students enrolling in Physics 192, at least 1 unit is required. Please contact physicsstudentservices@stanford.edu to add a Physics 192 section with your research advisor listed.

OR
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
  • 1226691
  • 2016051
  • 1226951

Note that Physics 100 and Physics 108 may have limited enrollment, so students planning to use one to fulfill their Capstone requirement should have a backup plan in case they cannot enroll in one of these courses. Physics 100, Physics 108, or Physics 171 may be counted for both the Capstone requirement and a pathway requirement for the Physics major.  This is the only instance in which a course can double-count for two different requirements.

Completion requirement

Physics majors are granted a Bachelor of Science in Physics with Honors if they satisfy these three requirements beyond the general Physics major requirements:

  1. The student completes a Senior Thesis by meeting the deadlines and requirements described in the Senior Thesis guidelines section below.

  2. The student completes course work with an overall GPA of 3.30 or higher, and a GPA of 3.50 or higher in courses required for the Physics major.

  3. The student applies for the Honors Program by completing the Honors Program Application by mid-May.  Eligibility is confirmed by the Director of Undergraduate Studies.

Senior Thesis guidelines:

  • Students must submit a Senior Thesis Application form once they identify a physics project, either theoretical or experimental, in consultation with individual faculty members. Proposal forms are available from the undergraduate coordinator. They must be submitted by the week before the Thanksgiving break of the academic year in which the student plans to graduate.

  • The advisor assigns credit for the project within the course Senior Thesis Research framework. A minimum of three course Senior Thesis Research units must be completed for a letter grade during the senior year. Work completed in the senior thesis program may not be used as a substitute for regular required courses for the Physics major.

  • A written thesis and a presentation of the work at its completion are required for the senior thesis. By mid-May, the senior thesis candidate must present the project at the department’s Senior Thesis Presentation Program. This event is publicized and open to the general public. The student’s advisor, second reader, and all other senior thesis candidates are expected to attend.

Earn at least 3 credits from the following:
  • 1227091